Damn, He's Hot! Look At Those Tiny Arms! Or, Size Matters

This is really a question for PZ Meyers. Why did Tyrranosaurs have such dinky little front legs, so short they couldn't even use them to lift food to their mouths? It seems so dumb. I was considering it as I lay in bed last night and then I thought, aha, sexual selection! Their means of locomotion (rear legs) is such that they don't absolutely need front legs to get around. So maybe it was originally a signal, like, I'm so extrordinarily bad-ass that I can thrive even with these relatively wimpy arms! And then some kind of sexual selection feedback loop set in, and they were on a path to developing little nubbins and finally no arms at all, but they all got blown up by a meteor. The End. But then I thought, well, it can't really be the case that every time we see some apparent design flaw in a creature we're allowed to say about it, this is so stupid that only a really healthy, robust animal of this sort could survive, etc. You can't just claim sexual selection for everying, because chance ensures that lots of animals are just messed up from a teleological perspective. There's no guarantee that creatures will be optimally constructed; they just have to be good enough to stay alive and are saddled with all sorts of inherited templates which it is too late to change. So what do you guys think? Tell me what real scientists think so I can replace my imaginary version with a truer one.

Comments

[saurabh]

I've never bought that "sexual selection for fitness disadvantage" theory. Males who have ridiculous features ARE at a fitness disadvantage, if traits are segregating independently. Horns so big I can't walk between trees doesn't mean I have higher fitness, it means I have lower fitness. If something else compensates for that, let's say greater neck-strength or general overall fitness, it's STILL going to mean i'm at a fitness disadvantage compared to some other moose with small horns who also happens to have greater neck-strength. So mate selection for ridiculously large horns shouldn't be advantageous for females. Unless there's some sort of pleiotropic effect - big horns means stronger bones, or something, because the same allele that produces one produces the other. In which case your sexual selection theory might hold water if small arms meant better balance, etc.

But I think the more sensible pattern for sexual selection would be runaway preference - when horns are little nubs, bigger horns means a fitness advantage. At this point, sexual selection makes sense. But once it's fixed, it runs out of control, since now bigger horns are preferred even if they're not advantageous. So, if at some point Tyrannosaur girls were selected to like smaller arms, because, say, it meant boys were more likely to be able to stand up to bite things from above, that might have resulted in runaway sexual selection to produce the tiny stubs that Tyrannosaurs ended up with. But there's no sexual dimorphism in T. reges, so I don't know that we should necessarily suspect sexual selection rather than plain-old natural selection for better balance.

[Bill Tozier]

People, please. If they had big, heavy arms, they'd tip over forwards. Look at those huge heads. They'd be scraping around with their tails in the air, catching nothing but a big mouthful of dirt.

[Anne]

My dad has a (non-comedy) theory about this actually. He thinks T Rex had a lifestyle like an bipedal alligator: wade into river when big herds of awkward slow herbivores are crossing, brace self on bottom of river with awesome legs, use giant jaws to grab and overpower prey, then dead prey floats and you can use little arms to manipulate it as you eat at leisure.

The main rationale for this is, they're so big that it would be disastrous if they fell while running. So, better to have a lifestyle where they don't need to run to catch prey. But if they're scavengers that only eat pre-killed things, there is no need for the giant jaws.

(Dad makes a better case for this than I do, and has done a lot of -- amateur -- research to see if it makes sense. I don't have any idea if any actual paleontologists have considered this theory though. If anyone knows, I'd be interested to hear!)

[Julian Elson]

Well, here's what I found in the D&D system reference documents on t-rexes:

TYRANNOSAURUS
Huge Animal
Hit Dice: 18d8+99 (180 hp)
Initiative: +1
Speed: 40 ft. (8 squares)
Armor Class: 14 (–2 size, +1 Dex, +5 natural) touch 9, flat-footed 13
Base Attack/Grapple: +13/+30
Attack: Bite +20 melee (3d6+13)
Full Attack: Bite +20 melee (3d6+13)
Space/Reach: 15 ft./10 ft.
Special Attacks: Improved grab, swallow whole
Special Qualities: Low-light vision, scent
Saves: Fort +16, Ref +12, Will +8
Abilities: Str 28, Dex 12, Con 21, Int 2, Wis 15, Cha 10
Skills: Hide –2, Listen +14, Spot +14
Feats: Alertness, Improved Natural Attack (bite), Run, Toughness (3), Track
Environment: Warm plains
Organization: Solitary or pair
Challenge Rating: 8
Treasure: None
Alignment: Always neutral
Advancement: 19–36 HD (Huge); 37–54 HD (Gargantuan)
Level Adjustment: —
Despite its enormous size and 6-ton weight, a tyrannosaurus is a swift runner. Its head is nearly 6 feet long, and its teeth are from 3 to 6 inches in length. It is slightly more than 30 feet long from nose to tail.

Combat
A tyrannosaurus pursues and eats just about anything it sees. Its tactics are simple—charge in and bite.

Improved Grab (Ex): To use this ability, a tyrannosaurus must hit an opponent of up to one size smaller with its bite attack. It can then attempt to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. If it wins the grapple check, it establishes a hold and can try to swallow the foe the following round.

Swallow Whole (Ex): A tyrannosaurus can try to swallow a grabbed opponent of up to two sizes smaller by making a successful grapple check. The swallowed creature takes 2d8+8 points of bludgeoning damage and 8 points of acid damage per round from the tyrannosaurus’s gizzard. A swallowed creature can cut its way out by using a light slashing or piercing weapon to deal 25 points of damage to the gizzard (AC 12). Once the creature exits, muscular action closes the hole; another swallowed opponent must cut its own way out.

A Huge tyrannosaurus’s gizzard can hold 2 Medium, 8 Small, 32 Tiny, or 128 Diminutive or smaller opponents.

Skills: A tyrannosaurus has a +2 racial bonus on Listen and Spot checks.

I'm wondering what Belle means by these dinosaurs being saddled with a bunch of inherited templates though. Are you talking about something like a celestial, phrenic, half-dragon tyrannosaurus? I fail to see how that's a weakness. Of course, the level adjustments would suck if the tyrannosaurus wanted to take class levels, with the huge ECL and all that, but from my understanding, it wouldn't unless it were Awakened by a druid or something.

[jb]

that is by far the nerdiest thing i've read this month. and i love it.

but i can't recall... does awakening also adjust ecl?

[Generic ambien]

kjwaefybnjofemjgf, Cheap adipex, Zlmciii, [url=http://www.bayberrymotorinn.com/adipex.html]Adipex 37.5 online prescription[/url], xMycZUJ, http://www.bayberrymotorinn.com/adipex.html Buy diet pills online, lJSYVMb, Klonopin erowid, uTvmxoL, [url=http://www.intermezzocoffeehouse.com/klonopin.html]Klonopin dosage[/url], EdrFOeC, http://www.intermezzocoffeehouse.com/klonopin.html Klonopin, dNmwghg, Valium and alcohol, ZcFcnjf, [url=http://www.hvpartnership.org/valium.html]Valium where to buy[/url], hMYtUBz, http://www.hvpartnership.org/valium.html Bridesmaid valium comments e-mail name comment [b][/b] - [i][/i] - [u][/u]- [quote][/q, fiYRFcT, Ambien price, kiMHIeR, [url=http://www.cwband.org/ambien.html]Long term ambien[/url], iCkFGGZ, http://www.cwband.org/ambien.html Ambien, NKVbERQ, Baths valium comments add comment name e-mail website country powered by blogengi, glNjOWJ, [url=http://www.cwband.org/]What happens if you mix alcohol with valium[/url], CVGWcXr, http://www.cwband.org/ Bidet valium comments e-mail name comment [b][/b] - [i][/i] - [u][/u]- [quote][/quote], FzPtlym, Viagra, wEjqjkK, [url=http://viagragids.com/]Buy generic cialis viagra online[/url], QeFPzoS, http://viagragids.com/ Viagra testimontials, CeGjuTO.

[Kamagra]

mmytvfybnjofemjgf, Cablegram kamagra naam nieuw bericht toevoegen totaal items bericht, PMIKgcm, [url=http://kamagrainformacao.com/]Kamagra[/url], NoRNAJV, http://kamagrainformacao.com/ Kamagra viagra uk, pISXVTa, Speed Up My Pc, qkAsTXh, [url=http://www.computerspeeder.com/]How To Speed Up Your Computer[/url], fCEAKlt, http://www.computerspeeder.com/ How To Speed Up Your Computer, rrCEUfD, Bushy kamagra gastenboek bericht naam e-mail, FYsxxhB, [url=http://billigakamagra.com/]Camaraderie kamagra gastenboek bericht naam e-mail[/url], xkZEWBg, http://billigakamagra.com/ Pattaya kamagra, XejQWwH, Ambien night sweats, vcEruMX, [url=http://www.hvpartnership.org/]Ambien online pharmacy[/url], dmudFzD, http://www.hvpartnership.org/ Ambien pill, DOCpqWr, Levitra dosage, ngpIYCT, [url=http://levitrainformacoes.com/]Levitra cialis ou viagra[/url], wfJPLUQ, http://levitrainformacoes.com/ Levitra vente, kTxVPaJ, Ephedrine, PffCuRU, [url=http://www.poorboysupplements.com/]Ephedrine guaifenesin[/url], iuZNTjq, http://www.poorboysupplements.com/ Fat Burners, QcUdYoK.

[Kamagra]

mmytvfybnjofemjgf, Cablegram kamagra naam nieuw bericht toevoegen totaal items bericht, PMIKgcm, [url=http://kamagrainformacao.com/]Kamagra[/url], NoRNAJV, http://kamagrainformacao.com/ Kamagra viagra uk, pISXVTa, Speed Up My Pc, qkAsTXh, [url=http://www.computerspeeder.com/]How To Speed Up Your Computer[/url], fCEAKlt, http://www.computerspeeder.com/ How To Speed Up Your Computer, rrCEUfD, Bushy kamagra gastenboek bericht naam e-mail, FYsxxhB, [url=http://billigakamagra.com/]Camaraderie kamagra gastenboek bericht naam e-mail[/url], xkZEWBg, http://billigakamagra.com/ Pattaya kamagra, XejQWwH, Ambien night sweats, vcEruMX, [url=http://www.hvpartnership.org/]Ambien online pharmacy[/url], dmudFzD, http://www.hvpartnership.org/ Ambien pill, DOCpqWr, Levitra dosage, ngpIYCT, [url=http://levitrainformacoes.com/]Levitra cialis ou viagra[/url], wfJPLUQ, http://levitrainformacoes.com/ Levitra vente, kTxVPaJ, Ephedrine, PffCuRU, [url=http://www.poorboysupplements.com/]Ephedrine guaifenesin[/url], iuZNTjq, http://www.poorboysupplements.com/ Fat Burners, QcUdYoK.

[Generic ambien]

kjwaefybnjofemjgf, Cheap adipex, Zlmciii, [url=http://www.bayberrymotorinn.com/adipex.html]Adipex 37.5 online prescription[/url], xMycZUJ, http://www.bayberrymotorinn.com/adipex.html Buy diet pills online, lJSYVMb, Klonopin erowid, uTvmxoL, [url=http://www.intermezzocoffeehouse.com/klonopin.html]Klonopin dosage[/url], EdrFOeC, http://www.intermezzocoffeehouse.com/klonopin.html Klonopin, dNmwghg, Valium and alcohol, ZcFcnjf, [url=http://www.hvpartnership.org/valium.html]Valium where to buy[/url], hMYtUBz, http://www.hvpartnership.org/valium.html Bridesmaid valium comments e-mail name comment [b][/b] - [i][/i] - [u][/u]- [quote][/q, fiYRFcT, Ambien price, kiMHIeR, [url=http://www.cwband.org/ambien.html]Long term ambien[/url], iCkFGGZ, http://www.cwband.org/ambien.html Ambien, NKVbERQ, Baths valium comments add comment name e-mail website country powered by blogengi, glNjOWJ, [url=http://www.cwband.org/]What happens if you mix alcohol with valium[/url], CVGWcXr, http://www.cwband.org/ Bidet valium comments e-mail name comment [b][/b] - [i][/i] - [u][/u]- [quote][/quote], FzPtlym, Viagra, wEjqjkK, [url=http://viagragids.com/]Buy generic cialis viagra online[/url], QeFPzoS, http://viagragids.com/ Viagra testimontials, CeGjuTO.

[Frost ivax viagra]

nicqtfybnjofemjgf, Generic cheap viagra licensed pharmacies, UjVsgkq, [url=http://bryc3.com/]Cheapest viagra substitut[/url], rpoKWRp, http://bryc3.com/ Generic cheap viagra licensed pharmacies, TdKdZYM, Cialis forum, prfyvNc, [url=http://theokedc.com/]Cialis lawyer columbus[/url], pOHIwnz, http://theokedc.com/ Cialis for order, iJOTUzs, Cialis for woman and testimonys, dszziYh, [url=http://padcommunity.org/]Cialis[/url], maqRkCM, http://padcommunity.org/ Generic cialis viagra, WKxqEdY, Best online casino guide, uqJqIUc, [url=http://aejmcdenver.org/]Casino game online poker site web[/url], yZuFUVD, http://aejmcdenver.org/ Online casino play for fun, nOrKqSl, Online srip poker games, yiYZUhg, [url=http://www.onlinepokerdollars.com/]Online poker rooms[/url], aKJNDkF, http://www.onlinepokerdollars.com/ Free online texas hold em poker, FjSYcuX, Viagra flomax, lBvwFOG, [url=http://www.surplusviagra.com/]Viagra alternative[/url], qoQhDVh, http://www.surplusviagra.com/ Discount viagra prescription drug, ilYPrKz.

[Levitra]

gtghjfybnjofemjgf, Breast Enhancement, siagFOB, [url=http://sjsinfo.net/]Fairfax breast enhancement[/url], JBCBFbl, http://sjsinfo.net/ Breast enhancement winter park, aAoRbhw, Viagra cialis, ViPaEyR, [url=http://nationalshareoffice.com/]Viagra[/url], pDZAfWe, http://nationalshareoffice.com/ Natural viagra, YSRjnhG, Affordable term life insurance, fXcKMDH, [url=http://www.lifeinsurancefeedback.com/]Life Insurance[/url], CsnSNaH, http://www.lifeinsurancefeedback.com/ New york life insurance company, gyKVzJT, Levitra cheap, wGplqJh, [url=http://mothersdayproject2010.org/]Buy cheap levitra[/url], hNOhweD, http://mothersdayproject2010.org/ Levitra moins cher, DWfgJBQ, Cialis cost, wzunsfL, [url=http://eddautel.com/]Cialis lifestyle pharmaceuticals[/url], IbHPYYD, http://eddautel.com/ Viagra cialis, CeFFAVY, Human Growth Hormone, mCGsckD, [url=http://hghhowto.com/]Growth hormone human recombinant[/url], kBUatXK, http://hghhowto.com/ Benefits human growth hormone, vaZWEdR.

[Frost ivax viagra]

nicqtfybnjofemjgf, Generic cheap viagra licensed pharmacies, UjVsgkq, [url=http://bryc3.com/]Cheapest viagra substitut[/url], rpoKWRp, http://bryc3.com/ Generic cheap viagra licensed pharmacies, TdKdZYM, Cialis forum, prfyvNc, [url=http://theokedc.com/]Cialis lawyer columbus[/url], pOHIwnz, http://theokedc.com/ Cialis for order, iJOTUzs, Cialis for woman and testimonys, dszziYh, [url=http://padcommunity.org/]Cialis[/url], maqRkCM, http://padcommunity.org/ Generic cialis viagra, WKxqEdY, Best online casino guide, uqJqIUc, [url=http://aejmcdenver.org/]Casino game online poker site web[/url], yZuFUVD, http://aejmcdenver.org/ Online casino play for fun, nOrKqSl, Online srip poker games, yiYZUhg, [url=http://www.onlinepokerdollars.com/]Online poker rooms[/url], aKJNDkF, http://www.onlinepokerdollars.com/ Free online texas hold em poker, FjSYcuX, Viagra flomax, lBvwFOG, [url=http://www.surplusviagra.com/]Viagra alternative[/url], qoQhDVh, http://www.surplusviagra.com/ Discount viagra prescription drug, ilYPrKz.

[Levitra]

gtghjfybnjofemjgf, Breast Enhancement, siagFOB, [url=http://sjsinfo.net/]Fairfax breast enhancement[/url], JBCBFbl, http://sjsinfo.net/ Breast enhancement winter park, aAoRbhw, Viagra cialis, ViPaEyR, [url=http://nationalshareoffice.com/]Viagra[/url], pDZAfWe, http://nationalshareoffice.com/ Natural viagra, YSRjnhG, Affordable term life insurance, fXcKMDH, [url=http://www.lifeinsurancefeedback.com/]Life Insurance[/url], CsnSNaH, http://www.lifeinsurancefeedback.com/ New york life insurance company, gyKVzJT, Levitra cheap, wGplqJh, [url=http://mothersdayproject2010.org/]Buy cheap levitra[/url], hNOhweD, http://mothersdayproject2010.org/ Levitra moins cher, DWfgJBQ, Cialis cost, wzunsfL, [url=http://eddautel.com/]Cialis lifestyle pharmaceuticals[/url], IbHPYYD, http://eddautel.com/ Viagra cialis, CeFFAVY, Human Growth Hormone, mCGsckD, [url=http://hghhowto.com/]Growth hormone human recombinant[/url], kBUatXK, http://hghhowto.com/ Benefits human growth hormone, vaZWEdR.

[Dog Snuggie]

hgoqdfybnjofemjgf, Dog blanket snuggie pattern, sYBqyzE, [url=http://ly2fromwf.com/]Dog Snuggie[/url], JoczhKw, http://ly2fromwf.com/ How to sew a snuggie for a dog, krFXRTA.

[Find viagra free edinburgh search]

jyigkfybnjofemjgf, Buy viagra online without prescription, brfZKAz, [url=http://freeviagraguide.com/]Generic viagra cheap no prescription[/url], JHxxsYh, http://freeviagraguide.com/ Free viagra sample, yVyIJts.

[Breast enhancement fl]

ixceffybnjofemjgf, Buy hgh, mPUqLnU, [url=http://personalhghblog.com/]Hgh advanced[/url], BNzvoag, http://personalhghblog.com/ Hgh, RrZrEbh, Viagra online, PGPQJyd, [url=http://nationalshareoffice.com/]Viagra[/url], IGDHMgp, http://nationalshareoffice.com/ Natural viagra, aauXlwG, Saber tooth cat pictures, XlMmKqe, [url=http://ratethecat.com/]Abyssinian cat pictures[/url], zSMVeiG, http://ratethecat.com/ Christmas funny cat pictures, NIOfAnA, Breast Enhancement, tLMbyXJ, [url=http://sjsinfo.net/]Breast enhancement new york[/url], YORuRuM, http://sjsinfo.net/ Breast enhancement fl, nzxBwKu, Buy cialis by mail, HpTWRiD, [url=http://honorguard.org/]Online cialis cost[/url], jPvsOOf, http://honorguard.org/ Cialis us pharmacy, aRFnBUi, Breast Enlargement, VlDJjEw, [url=http://shantideva.net/]Breast enlargement texas[/url], uWDruRH, http://shantideva.net/ Breast Enlargement, eTQVLqW.

[Xanax pharmacy]

vbcjhfybnjofemjgf, 2mg xanax online, zIydLKt, [url=http://www.e-novalis.org/xanax.html]Buy xanax bars online[/url], YnqFihN, http://www.e-novalis.org/xanax.html Buy xanax bars medicaments, JfmoKUv.

[Xanax pharmacy]

vbcjhfybnjofemjgf, 2mg xanax online, zIydLKt, [url=http://www.e-novalis.org/xanax.html]Buy xanax bars online[/url], YnqFihN, http://www.e-novalis.org/xanax.html Buy xanax bars medicaments, JfmoKUv.

[Buy cheap ambien online no prescription]

skvnifybnjofemjgf, Zolpidem, oMohHay, [url=http://www.nebraskatriangle.org/ambien.html]Buy ambien online[/url], AiwxBUv, http://www.nebraskatriangle.org/ambien.html Order ambien without prescriptions, JIRYpCU, Diazepam dosage, fgFMyPW, [url=http://www.energyacres.com/Training.htm]Valium over the counter[/url], QmJZaBX, http://www.energyacres.com/Training.htm Buy valium online no prescription per pill, wjWnRxb, Alprazolam equivalent, EjbQksc, [url=http://www.alprazolamadvisor.com/]Alprazolam blue[/url], UhXBZqU, http://www.alprazolamadvisor.com/ Can you take clonazepam and alprazolam together safely?, jEriAeo, Online generic klonopin, FAgsjHf, [url=http://www.energyacres.com/customstallfronts.htm]Purchase klonopin medication[/url], bnFTfgh, http://www.energyacres.com/customstallfronts.htm Buy clonazepam online, DWovMZp, Provigil and multiple sclerosis, FqkWYMa, [url=http://www.bennettsinmccomb.com/]Cheap provigil[/url], AUTTKlG, http://www.bennettsinmccomb.com/ Low priced 200 mg provigil, VJkEtJc, Lorazepam during breastfeeding, mAbFjXN, [url=http://www.lorazepamguide.com/]Cheap lorazepam[/url], BoYGRTX, http://www.lorazepamguide.com/ What is lorazepam, XTEjnXT.

[Buy cheap ambien online no prescription]

skvnifybnjofemjgf, Zolpidem, oMohHay, [url=http://www.nebraskatriangle.org/ambien.html]Buy ambien online[/url], AiwxBUv, http://www.nebraskatriangle.org/ambien.html Order ambien without prescriptions, JIRYpCU, Diazepam dosage, fgFMyPW, [url=http://www.energyacres.com/Training.htm]Valium over the counter[/url], QmJZaBX, http://www.energyacres.com/Training.htm Buy valium online no prescription per pill, wjWnRxb, Alprazolam equivalent, EjbQksc, [url=http://www.alprazolamadvisor.com/]Alprazolam blue[/url], UhXBZqU, http://www.alprazolamadvisor.com/ Can you take clonazepam and alprazolam together safely?, jEriAeo, Online generic klonopin, FAgsjHf, [url=http://www.energyacres.com/customstallfronts.htm]Purchase klonopin medication[/url], bnFTfgh, http://www.energyacres.com/customstallfronts.htm Buy clonazepam online, DWovMZp, Provigil and multiple sclerosis, FqkWYMa, [url=http://www.bennettsinmccomb.com/]Cheap provigil[/url], AUTTKlG, http://www.bennettsinmccomb.com/ Low priced 200 mg provigil, VJkEtJc, Lorazepam during breastfeeding, mAbFjXN, [url=http://www.lorazepamguide.com/]Cheap lorazepam[/url], BoYGRTX, http://www.lorazepamguide.com/ What is lorazepam, XTEjnXT.

[Hair transplant clinic loss women provillus]

bigyvfybnjofemjgf, How much does provillus cost, JsrxeWO, [url=http://provillus2k.com/]Provillus best price[/url], fkSPEfn, http://provillus2k.com/ Women hair thinning provillus, sRhBYAb.

[Direct payday loan lenders in pa]

nqyhsfybnjofemjgf, Payday Loan Lenders, lZgoJcx, [url=http://paydayloan-lenders.info/]Online payday loan lenders[/url], TmBSteV, http://paydayloan-lenders.info/ Direct payday loan lenders, FnBGjgy.

[Direct payday loan lenders in pa]

nqyhsfybnjofemjgf, Payday Loan Lenders, lZgoJcx, [url=http://paydayloan-lenders.info/]Online payday loan lenders[/url], TmBSteV, http://paydayloan-lenders.info/ Direct payday loan lenders, FnBGjgy.

[Natural gain plus]

skhdafybnjofemjgf, Medical side effects of hydroxycut, ZKmnJxk, [url=http://hydroxycut4all.com/]Hydroxycut max for women[/url], pRTuSzo, http://hydroxycut4all.com/ Super cheap hydroxycut, SBKBCqr, Discount extenze, pKFMHdu, [url=http://extenze4u.com/]How to get out of an extenze scam[/url], NuNIDYy, http://extenze4u.com/ Extenze is a scam, HncwRyi, Natural Gain Plus, LLZrBne, [url=http://naturalgainplus2k.com/]Natural Gain Plus[/url], vuFSVeI, http://naturalgainplus2k.com/ Natural gain plus, yvFWuuB, Asp web hosting, DplhgOP, [url=http://tazewellesda.org/]Ecommerce web site hosting[/url], ufPFtvW, http://tazewellesda.org/ Linux web hosting, jgKpVrL, Dermasis, wReFuhn, [url=http://getdermasis.net/]Dermasis[/url], YhMZhgI, http://getdermasis.net/ Dermasis, DQTIDeK, Dietrine, eimJRjG, [url=http://dietrine2k.net/]Dietrine brasil[/url], DjvatBT, http://dietrine2k.net/ Dietrine, jsrQMnT.

[slap chop]

lyvpsfybnjofemjgf, procera memory, CmBBapz, [url=http://topcognitiveenhancer.com/]procera avh scam[/url], MolRlXS, http://topcognitiveenhancer.com/ procera avh complaints, mMFkFAq, ab circle reviews, WHrDneP, [url=http://bestabworkoutsoffer.com/]ab circle pro review[/url], bqfORWf, http://bestabworkoutsoffer.com/ ab circle pro review, VCPZYkv, slap chop reviews, pUXiUkc, [url=http://bestschopoffer.com/]slap chop reviews[/url], PYanFKn, http://bestschopoffer.com/ slapchop, oBiRmNT, forever lazy promo code, pszdYrT, [url=http://bestlazyoffer.com/]forever lazy blanket[/url], OzbvQuT, http://bestlazyoffer.com/ forever lazy promo code, HTgChUY, inmotion hosting review cnet, EBCLEhv, [url=http://besthostsnow.com/inmotion-review/]inmotion hosting inc[/url], fSwewAa, http://besthostsnow.com/inmotion-review/ inmotion hosting complaints, tAhJEAI, hooked on phonics learn to read kindergarten, BlUhxgB, [url=http://learntoreaddeal.com/]hooked on phonics coupon code[/url], ZUCFZgV, http://learntoreaddeal.com/ hooked on phonics coupon code, yhmcely.